What Is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Free Essays

The American government has engaged in the process of creating and enforcing legislation as the course of action for everyone to follow when dealing with labor issues and the workforce. In my research, I found several pieces of legislation such as the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Act (Federal Trade Commission, n.d. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), and per text the Wagner Act of 1935, and the Taft-Hartley Act (DeCenzo, 2016). Congress passed this legislation as the determining element in how much control that management and/ or unions would have in protecting the rights of the workers and the organizations. The US government has been involved in the process of acting as a mediator between the organizations and unions with labor clashes. In the 1800’s, there weren’t many laws that would govern how unions would operate within the organization. So in the early stages of unions organizations thought that the unions were illegal and that they would interfere with the progress of the organization. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the initial legislation adopted that shaped labor unions. This act was important to the organization because it prevented any â€Å"restraint of commerce across state lines and the courts ruled that union strikes or boycotts would be covered by the law†. There is two additional act of the Sherman Act, they are the Federal Trade Commission Act the prohibit bias procedures concerning competition and misleading forms of practice, the Clayton Act focuses on certain issues such as mergers and joining boards members. The main strike in 1894 between the Pullman Palace Car Company and the American Railway Union, where workers walked off of the job because wages were cut by as much as forty percent. At that time the organization was able to obtain a ruling that stopped both the strike and boycott. And because of this labor unions discovered that it would be harder to organize successfully (Shmoop, 2018). The National Labor Relation Act of 1935, which is also known as the Wagner Act was endorsed to protect both employers, and employees, it is the main key to union rights. The Wagner Act distinctively insist that employers should bargain in excellent confidence on issues such as wages, hours, and employment environments. This gave unions control over bias labor habits. Therefore, the Wagner Act empowered unions to be able to grow and advance, plus to establish unions permitting them to protect and bargain together, which means the workforce has the right to come as one to make their demands known even without a union (DeCenzo, 2016) (Shmoop, 2018). Because the Wagner Act sheltered the unions it led to the Taft-Hartley Act which is known as the Labor-Management Act (DeCenzo, 2016). This act covered the concerns of the employer in preventing bias practices of the unions. It prohibited closed stops by declaring them illegal and empowering the states to pass laws that would decrease mandatory union representation. It also disallowed secondary boycotts by giving the president authority whenever differences may influence national security. Both parties must bargain in â€Å"good faith† by coming to the table intending to reach an agreement. But if they don’t reach one the Taft-Hartley developed the FMCS to help in the talks (DeCenzo, 2016). All of these laws are vital to the organization and unions since they’re the basis of the relationship that is between the workforce and the employer. While the NLRA has changed over time it is very important because it includes how both should work together throughout the bargaining process. And how the Taft-Hartley controls the duration of the relationship. But they safeguard that everyone should work together during the conditions of the association. As a result, unionized workers through combined efforts of both the union and organizations cooperative bargaining have produced better wages, benefits, safe environment, and health conditions for the workforce. They have also included better opportunities for the non-unionized workers (Walters, 2003). References DeCenzo, D. A. (2016). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 12th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Federal Trade Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved from The Antitrust Laws: https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-laws Shmoop. (2018). Retrieved from History of Labor Unions: https://www.shmoop.com/history-labor-unions/law.html Walters, M. a. (2003, 8 26). Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved from How unions help all workers: https://www.epi.org/publication/briefingpapers_bp143/ How to cite What Is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?, Papers

Lighting and Switching Coordination in Substations

Question: Discuss about theLighting and Switching Coordination in Substations. Answer: Introduction Insulation coordination is a sure way of protecting the substation power system by coordinating switching. One of the biggest safety risks in substation is the occasional lightning being experienced in most parts of the country. An S/S that is not properly designed against this natural phenomenon would often experience dangerous power surges. Therefore, the process of designing the power switching coordination systems in a substation is a critical undertaking that would ensure overall safety of the equipment and operators. The various equipments in the substation must be protected against these dangerous power surges that mostly frequent the system. Normally the lightning would strike and last for about 0.25 seconds. Although this could be a very short time but the damage caused afterwards can be transmitted to the entire system. Notably, surge protection can never be a 100% in any given power system where large voltages are generated. Most systems would work by confining the damage to a designated section in the system. Properly designed systems with proper switching coordination would mostly guarantee an automatic protection system. So how does the lightning affect the system? When it strikes the system, there is normally dramatic escalation of the voltage level. Consequently, the current wave propagation also escalates to levels that the system can not withstand. In such situations, system breakdown results preceded by melting of the conductors and arcing hence the system become dangerously unsafe to the human operators. Therefore, it is often desired to design more effective and efficient surge protection systems that would guarantee safety even when it strikes unexpectedly. Surge protection systems are often integrated into the overall power network so as to carry out the function of regulating power surges. It is common to analyze their characteristics so that they can be designed to smoothly operate within the safe limits. Therefore, firstly, it is imper ative to study the lightning strokes and how switching coordination could be used to protect the substation system against overvoltage and power surges. Literature Review Many researchers have greatly attempted to uncover different methods that could be used for surge protection. The following paragraphs outline some of the tremendous contributions by various researchers in this area: Elahi, H et al (1989) Although this is an old paper, it is still very relevant to assist in the analysis of the modern power network systems. The author mainly explored the purpose of performing insulation coordination in hvdc converter stations. He opines that insulation is mainly done to achieve the following purpose: -The maximum steady state, temporary and transient voltage levels could be determined hence exposing the equipment requirement voltage levels -The protective devices, commonly used such as the surge arresters could have their characteristics analyzed hence establishing the extent of surge protection and ultimately their durability. The paper also proposed a procedure for surge protection where gapless metal oxide arresters could be used for insulation protection .According to the author, this method is cost-effective and performs better than other designs. Das Kanabar (2015) This paper proposed a dynamic tool for grid power control. The authors admit that the modern power system has become more dynamic and complex hence there is need to protect the grid power using a more sophisticated protection system. They proposed a centralized substation protection control system. He attributes that the evolution of relays has occurred since the 1960s where electromechanical relays were the common types. Later, solid state relays dominated the field but the most modern systems have microprocessor based relays that are more superior in functionality than the solid state relays. They operate using logic and often described as intelligent. Therefore, modern technologies around the surge protection system normally are constituted of the hardware platforms onto which the software configurations can be built. The linkage between the two elements is via a sophisticated communications channel with supported protocols such as the MMS, GOOSE and synchrophasor (Das Kanabar, 2 015). The authors also opine that the element of control in such protection system is often complex and a system architectural implementation such as SCADA normally offer better monitoring and control. Every tiny but critical portion of the system could be monitored by this system hence providing real-time data to the operators for necessary action to be taken. However, the author agrees that more work need to done to improve the performance of such a system and even they go further to recommend various architectural designs of the system. Fulchiron, D (1995) This author attempted to explain exactly what happens to the substation power network when lightning strikes. During stormy weather, lightning are usually common and sometimes they can unexpectedly strike the substation power network. Mostly their polarity is negative to the substation and they dangerously damage the entire system by escalating the voltage levels in the network. Consequently, the current flowing in the network also surges to levels that cause breakdown of the conductors hence system breaks down completely. According to Fulchiron (1995) the voltage surge is given by the formula: U = Zc i/2 where Zc = is line zero characteristics impedance and I is the injected current into the system. The surged voltage value is normally in the range of million volts, a level that no system can withstand hence arcing is normally experienced before the network can shut down completely. Pacificorp (2010) It establishes various protection schemes that could be used against the lightning. Notably, the arresters combined with the breaker protection are often viewed as better option. The transformer is being rated as the most critical part of the substation hence they are often protected on both sides by the breakers with the arresters connected on both sides as well such that when it strikes, the system goes offline automatically hence preventing damage that may occur in the absence of these surge protection systems. It is also being proposed that substations with capacities of 138kV and below be protected by shielding, and use of lightening arresters. Furthermore, breaker protection could be used for capacities between 69kV and 139kV. Hypothesis Hence the hypothesis that would guide the research-to-be-done include: Centralized protection provides better switching coordination than decentralized system Challenges The major challenges that are likely to be faced include: The lack of standardized methods and techniques for surge protection and network insulation making it difficult to characterize the networks The information about substation insulation is still at infantile stage hence expectedly data on the existing systems may not be sufficient for the research work Seemingly the research work in this area has stalled; hardly do we have the designers seriously considering this risk (natural phenomenon) to the power network system Conclusion The work of providing a near perfect insulation system in power network system is still in progress. Certainly, more research work is still expected especially in discovering methods and techniques that could be used to temporarily switch off the system during lightening strikes but almost go online automatically. The existing ones operate in such a manner that ones they go offline, it will require a human operator to bring it back to operation. Besides, reportedly, some of the existing systems have been jamming severally during operation. Therefore, the future work will certainly focus on delivering solutions that are more reliable; although it should be noted that 100% efficiency can never be guaranteed. Reference Fulchiron, D. (1995).Overvoltages and insulation coordination in MV and HV. Available at: https://www.studiecd.dk/cahiers_techniques/Overvoltages_and_insulation_coordination_in_MV_and_HV.pdf Das, R Kanabar, M. (2015).Centralized Substation Protection and Control. Available at: https://www.pes-psrc.org/Reports/IEEE_PES_PSRC_WG%20K15_Report_CPC_Dec_2015.pdf Elahi, H et al. (1989). Insulation Coordination Process for HVDC Converter Stations: Preliminary and Final Designs. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=4310601 Arrester works.(2010). Insulation Coordination FAQ. Available at: https://www.arresterworks.com/services/insulation_studies.php Pacificorp. (2010). Lightning and Other Overvoltage Protection. Available at: https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pacific_power/doc/Contractors_Suppliers/Power_Quality_Standards/1B_7.pdf

Carl Sandburg Essay Example For Students

Carl Sandburg Essay Carl Sandburg 1878-1967, was an American poet, biographer, and balladeer. He was a writer, famous for his free-verse style Carl Sandburg, 222. He focused on the people and places of modern American life. Sandburg wrote what is regarded as the definitive biography of Abraham Lincoln. He was even invited to address the joint session and to be honored, when the houses of Congress came together on Feb. 12, 1959, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of Lincoln. Sandburg was well known as a lecturer and singer Carl Sandburg, 392. His craggy voice along with his guitar made him a great performer of folk songs. The two most impressive things about Carl Sandburg*s physical trait was his face and his incredible height, yet he was only about six feet tall. He resembled an American Indian, the reddish skin over the craggy face, the high cheekbones, the narrow hips, and the broad shoulders. Someone said of him once that when he was young and dark he looked like a Sioux brave. Sandburg*s face was a unique phenomenon. No matter what the picture or photograph, his expressions were never the same. He did not have a set pose but was recognizable. Mrs. Sandburg once remarked of him that during all these fifty-three years she*s known him, Carl has always had the same unruly shock of hair over his forehead, and the same habit of leaning forward like a fast-ball pitcher winding up and pulling the string on the batter Golden, 23. Sandburg was born on Jan. 6, 1878, in Galesburg, Illinois, where his Swedish immigrant father had settled some years before. He grew up in Galesburg, a town of 15,000 residents in his childhood. He went to the Galesburg public school for four years, and to Swedish Lutheran summer school. At age 13, he finished the eighth grade and had to go to work. His first job was driving a milk wagon, and as he drove along, he recited his favorite pieces of prose and verse. Later he worked as a bootblack and porter in a local barber shop, where he listened to the customers* talk about local history and arguments about politics, and became involved in the affairs of his state. One of his important jobs Carl held to support himself through college was *call man* for the Galesburg Fire Department. He slept at the firehouse and was depended upon to leave his college classroom if the fire whistle blew during the daytime. The pay was ten dollars a month. Sandburg would read books durin! the free times he had, and one of the reasons that Sandburg became a great writer was because of the fact that he read a lot. Sandburg bought second-hand books which fitted into his hip pocket for ten cents each. He bought books of famous American authors, such as Daniel Defoe, Washington Irving, Joseph Addison, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Ralph Waldo Emerson Carl Sandburg, 222. When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, Sandburg enlisted. He did not go to the war because of his pride for the country, he went to the war simply because he wanted to do something, he wanted to accomplish something. He served in the first Puerto Rico campaign; and he was the war correspondent for the Galesburg Evening Mail. When the war ended in September of 1898, Sandburg went back to school. He entered Lombard College, a local institution, receiving free tuition for his war service. But in 1902, at the time of examinations and diplomas, he wandered off and was never graduated. He was the captain of the basketball team, and the editor of the college newspaper. It was at Lombard that Sandburg began to think of himself as a writer, particularly as a poet. .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .postImageUrl , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:hover , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:visited , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:active { border:0!important; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:active , .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654 .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfd137f85fc9c5ea9896f2fc284ea654:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Essay ValentineBut his first professional writing was in advertising, politics, and journalism. Philip Green Wright, professor of English at Lombard, published Sandburg*s first little book, In Reckless Ecstasy 1904 Ca! rl Sandburg, 392. Sandburg took up the guitar in 1904, and he practiced music daily. Sandburg*s voice is heavy, but there*s a haunting quality about it. His voice is almost entirely untrained, with just a few lessons he had came from a choirmaster in Galesburg. Public singing started for Carl when he was a boy in Galesburg. Later he joined the nontouring Lombard College Glee Club. He also sang with the Berrien Street barbershop harmonizers downtown Golden, 119. What really developed Carl*s voice and music, however, was the inspired knowledge of his guitar playing. For two years after college, Sandburg was a genuine hobo. He took temporary jobs on newspapers and peddling stereoscopic views. This is the time for Sandburg that as he was roaming about the country, north, south, east, and west, he got to know America in the songs of her farmhands, cowboys, rivermen, and Negro stevedores, playing his guitar as he went. Sandburg also became an organizer for the German-oriented Social-Democratic Party in Wisconsin, ending this political phase of his early career as secretary to the Socialist mayor of Milwaukee 1910-1912. In 1908, Sandburg married Lillian Steichen and, to support his growing family, he went into advertising, wrote features for the Milwaukee Journal and Daily News, and worked hard at his free verse poetry which influenced by Walt Whitman Carl Sandburg, 392. In 1913, Sandburg moved to Chicago. As a newspaper writer for the Day Book and the Chicago Daily News and as a frequent contributor to the magazine Poetry, which awarded him its Levinson prize in 1914, he made himself as a significant voice in American Literature. When the United States entered World War I in 1917, Sandburg was sent abroad by the Newspaper Enterprise Association as special correspondent in Sweden and Norway Carl Sandburg, 223. When he returned from Europe, Sandburg began to work on his poems. His first full-sized volume, Chicago Poems 1916, established him as the poet of that industrial city. In the succeeding volumes, Cornhuskers 1918, Smoke and Steel 1920, Slabs of the Sunburnt West 1922, and Good Morning, America 1928, he became the bard of the Midwest. Sandburg was successor to Walt Whitman as the proclaimer of the American spirit. It was an impression confirmed by The People, Yes 1936, a piece of poetry about social history, folklore, and political faith. It was a declaration of confidence in the American working man Carl Sandburg, 223. While Sandburg was working hard on his poems, he did not stop collecting Lincoln materials for his great biography. In 1926 his Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years came out in two volumes, which financially helped the Sandburg family. Sandburg then labored 16 years more to bring out Abraham Lincoln: The War Years 4 Vol. , 1939, which won the Pulitzer Prize for history in 1940. He also wrote another Civil War volume, Storm over the Land in 1942. Meanwhile, he did not stop working on the folk songs, he wrote The American Songbag, a collection of folk songs in 1927 Carl Sandburg, 392. Sandburg is regarded as the representative poet of the West. He rose from the humblest beginnings and did not fear hard work. He celebrated for himself a new technique in poetry, celebrating industrial and agricultural America Carl Sandburg, 223. During the later year of Sandburg*s career, he moved from Illinois to North Carolina and continued to write. He died at his ranch in Flat Rock, North Carolina on July 22, 1967 Carl Sandburg, 223. *Chicago* One of Sandburg*s best known poems, *Chicago* was written in 1914 Golden, 163. .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .postImageUrl , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:hover , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:visited , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:active { border:0!important; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:active , .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5 .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u344d25095ea04ad610d0e4c7ec268ab5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Experiencing Poetry EssaySandburg wrote this poem during the Great Depression when people were losing money and had no jobs. People at the time were working for just a few cents an hour, they were living a horrible life. The subject of this poem is the city Chicago. Sandburg described the city as dirty and ugly because of the pollution and the factories. He described the city as smoky, dusty, stormy and husky. He also said in the poem that Chicago was the *City of the Big Shoulders:*, this meant that Chicago was a big industrial city. People in the city were poor and hungry. He described the workers in the city as *Tool makers*, and *Stackers of Wheat*, they would have to labor 14 hours a day just to keep their families alive. Sandburg*s tone is very low and depressing. Sandburg used imagery to perfection when he wrote *Under the smoke, dust all over his mouth, laughing with white teeth,*. Sandburg also used lots of similes and metaphors such as when he wrote *Fierce as a dog with tongue lapping for action, cunning as a savage pitted against the wilderness,*. The overall theme of the poem *Chicago* was to portray the brutality and ugliness that Sandburg saw in American cities. The poem also pays tribute to the energy and power of modern industry . *Fog* The poem *Fog* is just one of the eight hundred and forty-six poems. This poem has earned Sandburg hundreds of dollars, this was a lot of money back then. This poem was written when Sandburg had done his piece for the Chicago Day book, He rambled down to the lake and went over to the courthouse for an interview with a juvenile court judge, he had to wait half an hour. While waiting, Sandburg wrote this *masterpiece*, *Fog* Golden, 149. The subject of the poem *Fog* is obviously the fog above the city. Sandburg is comparing the fog to the cat when he wrote *The fog comes on little cat feet*. He compares the fog to the cat because cats moves pretty fast, and the fog is also moving at a fast speed just like the cat. By using this metaphor, Sandburg creates a clear imagery of what he sees, and this image seems to be very clear to us. Sandburg also described the fog as a cat sitting on the sky and looking down at the harbor and city. One of the reason that he made this comparison is maybe because that the fog really looked like a cat sitting on it*s haunches, or maybe he saw a cat running around when he was watching the sky. This poem did not have a particular theme. It is just simply a descriptive poem which describes the fog. The tone of the poem is somewhat restless and impatient. It seems that Sandburg was trying to get things done in a hurry and go home.

Business Administration Education and Careers

Business Administration Education and Careers What Is Business Administration? Business administration involves the performance, management, and administrative functions of business operations. Many companies have multiple departments and personnel that can fall under the business administration heading. Business administration can encompass: Finance: The finance department manages money (both incoming and outgoing) and other financial resources for a business.Economics: An economist monitors and predicts economic trends.  Human Resources: A human resources department helps to manage human capital and benefits. They plan and direct many key administrative functions of a business.Marketing: The marketing department develops campaigns to bring in customers and improve brand awareness.Advertising: The advertising department finds ways to promote a business or the businesss products and services.Logistics: This department works to get products to consumers by coordinating  people, facilities, and supplies.Operations: An operations manager oversees the day-to-day operations of a business.Management: Managers may supervise projects or people. In a hierarchical  organization, managers may work  in low-level management, middle-level management, and top-level management. Business Administration Education Some business administration jobs require advanced degrees; others require no degree at all. This is why there are many different business administration education options. You could benefit from on-the-job training, seminars, and certificate programs. Some business administration professionals also choose to earn an associates, bachelors, masters, or even a doctoral degree. The education option you choose should depend on what you want to do in a business administration career. If you want a job at the entry-level, you may be able to begin work while you get an education. If you would like to work in management or a supervisory position, some formal education may be required before a job appointment. Here is a breakdown of the most common business administration education options. On-the-Job Training: Training is provided on-the-job. Unlike many of the other options below, you are typically paid for the on-the-job training and do not have to pay tuition. Training time can vary depending on the job.Continuing Education: Continuing education may be provided through colleges, universities, business schools, and other academic institutions. You may take courses or a short seminar to earn continuing education credits or a certificate of completion.Certificate Programs: Certificate programs tend to focus on a very specific topic, such as customer service or tax accounting. These programs are generally offered through colleges, universities, business schools, and other academic institutions. Tuition is often cheaper for a certificate program than it is for a degree program. The amount of time it takes to complete a program varies; most programs are one month to one year in duration.Associates Degree in Business Administration: An Associate in Business Administration can be earned from a college, university, or business school. You should seek out an accredited program with a curriculum that covers topics you need to know or are interested in. Most associates programs take two years to complete. Bachelors Degree in Business Administration: A Bachelor in Business Administration is a minimum requirement for many jobs in the business field. This type of degree can be earned from a college, university, or business school and typically takes four years of full-time study to complete. Accelerated and part-time programs are available. A bachelors program in business administration sometimes offers opportunities to specialize.Masters Degree in Business Administration: A Master in Business Administration, also known as an MBA degree, is an advanced degree option for business majors. An MBA may also be a minimum requirement for some jobs in the business field. Accelerated programs take one year to complete. Traditional MBA programs take two years to complete. Part-time options are also available. Many people choose to earn this degree from a business school, but a masters program can be found at many other colleges and universities with graduate-level study options.Doctorate Degree in Business Administration: A doctorate or Ph.D. in Business Administration is the highest business degree that can be earned. This option is best for students who are interested in teaching or pursuing field research. A doctorate degree generally requires four to six years of study. Business Certifications There are a number of different professional certifications or designations available to people in the business administration field. Most can be earned after completing your education or after working in the field for a specific amount of time. In most cases, such certifications are not required for employment but can help you look more attractive and qualified to potential employers. Some examples of business administration certifications include: Certified Business Manager (CBM): This certification is ideal for business generalists, MBA grads, and non-MBA grads who want a business credential.PMI Certifications: The Project Management Institute (PMI) offers several certification options for project managers at all skill and education levels.HRCI Certifications: The Human Resources Certification Institutes offers several certifications for human resources professionals at varying levels of expertise.Certified Management Accountant: The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) credential is awarded to accountants and financial professionals in the business. There are a lot of other certifications that can be earned as well. For example, you can earn certifications in computer software applications that are commonly used in business administration. Word processing or spreadsheet related certifications can be valuable assets for people seeking an administrative position in the business field. See more professional business certifications  that could make you more marketable to employers.   Business Administration Careers Your career options in business administration will depend largely on your education level as well as your other qualifications. For example, do you have an associates, bachelors, or masters degree?  Do you have any certifications? Do you have prior work experience in the field? Are you a capable leader? Do you have a record of proven performance? What special skills do you have? All of these things determine whether or not you are qualified for a specific position. That said, many different jobs may be open to you in the business administration field. Some of the most popular options include: Accountant: Industries include tax preparation, payroll accounting, bookkeeping services, financial accounting, accounting management, government accounting, and insurance accounting.Advertising Executive: Advertising executives and managers are needed to create, coordinate, and roll out advertising campaigns for every type of business that offers a product or service.Business Manager: Business managers are employed by both small and large companies; opportunities are available at every level of managementfrom department supervisor to operations management.Finance Officer: Finance officers can be employed by any business that has money coming in or going out. Positions vary from entry-level to management.Human Resources Manager: Government employs the largest percentage of human resources managers. Positions are also available in company management, manufacturing, professional and technical services, health care fields, and social service agencies.Management Analyst: Most management analysts are self-employed. About 20 percent work for small or large consulting firms. Management analysts can also be found in government and the finance and insurance industries. Marketing Specialist: Every business industry employs marketing specialists. Career opportunities also exist with research firms, civic organizations, academic institutions, and government agenciesOffice Administrator: Most office administrators work in educational services, healthcare, state and local government, and insurance. Positions also exist in professional services and within almost any office setting.Public Relations Specialist: Public relations specialists can be found in any business industry. Many career opportunities can also be found within government, healthcare, and religious and civic organizations.

7 Fascinating Facts About Fungi

7 Fascinating Facts About Fungi What do you think of when you think of fungi? Do you think of the mold growing in your shower or mushrooms? Both are types of fungi as fungi can range from unicellular (yeasts and molds) to multicellular organisms (mushrooms) that contain spore-producing fruit bodies for reproduction. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are classified in their own Kingdom, called Fungi. The cell walls of fungi contain chitin, a polymer that is similar in structure to glucose from which it is derived. Unlike plants, fungi dont have chlorophyll so are not able to make their own food. Fungi typically acquire their nutrients/food by absorption. They release digestive enzymes into the environment that assist in this process. Fungi are very diverse and have even contributed to improvements in medicine. Lets explore seven interesting facts about fungi. 1) Fungi Can Cure Disease Many may be familiar with the antibiotic known as penicillin. Did you know that it was produced from a mold that is a fungus? Around 1929, a doctor in London, England wrote a paper on what he called penicillin which he had derived from the Penicillium notatum mold (now known as Penicillium chrysogenum). It had the ability to kill bacteria. His discovery and research started a chain of events that would lead to the development of many antibiotics that would save countless lives. Similarly, the antibiotic cyclosporine is a key immunosuppressant and is used in organ transplants. 2) Fungi Can Also Cause Disease Many diseases can also be caused by fungi. For example, while many associate ringworm with being caused by a worm, it is caused by a fungus. It gets its name from the circular shape of the rash produced. Athletes foot is another example of a disease caused by fungi. Many other diseases such as eye infections, valley fever, and Histoplasmosis are caused by Fungi. 3) Fungi Are Vital to the Environment Fungi play a key role in the cycle of nutrients in the environment. They are one of the main decomposers of dead organic matter. Without them, the leaves, dead trees, and other organic matter that build up in the forests wouldnt have their nutrients available for other plants to use. For example, nitrogen is a key component that is released when fungi decompose organic matter. 4) Fungi Can Last for a Long Time Depending on the conditions, many fungi, like mushrooms, can be dormant for extended periods of time. Some can sit dormant for years and even decades and still have the ability to grow under the right conditions. 5) Fungi Can Be Deadly Some fungi are toxic. Some are so toxic that they can cause instant death in animals and humans. Deadly fungi often contain a substance known as amatoxins. Amatoxins typically are very good at inhibiting RNA polymerase II. RNA polymerase II is a necessary enzyme involved in the production of a type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA). Messenger RNA plays an important role in DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Without RNA polymerase II, cell metabolism will stop and cell lysis occurs. 6) Fungi Can Be Used to Control Pests Some species of fungi are able to suppress the growth of insects and nematodes that may cause harm to agricultural crops. Typically the fungi that can have such impacts are part of the group called hyphomycetes. 7) A Fungus Is the Largest Living Organism on the Planet A fungus known as the honey mushroom is the largest living organism on the planet. It is believed to be about 2400 years old and covers over 2000 acres. Interestingly enough, it kills trees as it spreads. There you have it, seven interesting facts about fungi. There are many additional interesting facts about fungi that range from fungi being used to produce the citric acid used in many beverages to fungi being the cause for zombie ants. Some fungi are bioluminescent and can even glow in the dark. While scientists have classified many of the fungi in nature, it is estimated that there are vast numbers that remain unclassified so their potential uses are likely numerous.

Nature vs Nurture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nature vs Nurture - Essay Example Some researchers support the argument that nature is responsible for the makeup of an individual’s behavioral patterns which can be modified through interaction with society. They suggest that human beings are not happy or sad because of their environment but individuals are different from each other because of their genetic makeup granted to them by their parents. Opponents of this approach argue that the behavioral patterns have nothing to do with genes because a human being can be modified into whatever kind of a person the nurturer wants him to grow into. Part 2 My friend’s parents were both doctors and they wanted their daughter to become one too. The girl herself had very much willingness and interest toward becoming a doctor and everybody knew that she had an inborn talent and ability to excel in the field of medicine. However, when she passed her high school, she had not enough marks to get into a medical school. She took admission in a computer science universi ty and made up her mind to study hard and show to the world that she can do it. And unbelievingly, she kept on passing with good grades in a field which was just opposite to her inborn talent and abilities.

Philosophy of Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy of Death - Essay Example However, he contradicts with Aristotle by determining exuberance with pleasure. Epicurus explains this with two reasons. The major reason is that pleasure is the only affair of amusement, and practically, value for its intrinsic benefit. Moreover, it resembles Epicurus' ethical hedonism, which is significantly planted upon his intellectual hedonism. Epicurus explains it further by claiming that everything we do, is eventually for the sake of advancing to the state of pleasure for ourselves. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned fact can be apparently justified with the thorough observation of the behavior of infants, who, characteristically adheres pleasure and avoids pain. As of Epicurus, this is true in case of adults as well, but the priorities and beliefs of adults are much more sophisticated in relevancy of the matter that what will bring them pleasure. Hence, when it comes to the adults, it is more difficult to see that this is true. Epicurus states that not all pleasures are exqui site to opt for or not all pains can be prevented, although all pleasures are considered good and all pains are acknowledged as evil. Alternatively, one should determine what lies in one's deep-rooted presumption in terms of pleasure. Moreover, what will compel pleasure in the short-term if doing so will conclusively influence an advance state pleasure, which will last long. (Mitsis Phillip 1988)1 The no subject of harm argument - Epicurus mentions that if death is the phenomenon with its outcome as eradication, then it is nothing to us. Epicurus' main argument for why death is not bad is contained in the Letter to Menoeceus. In that letter, Epicurus summarizes his ethical doctrines and he depicts death as no subject of harm argument. Epicurus questions that if death is bad, for whom would it be bad. Neither for the living things, since they are not dead, and nor for the dead, as they do not exist. The expression of is argument as follows: - If At All, death is annihilation, then the living things are not yet annihilated, as they are alive. Hence, we can conclude that death does not influence the living things. So, death cannot be considered as bad for the living things. Subsequently for something to be bad for someone, that person should be in existence, at least. However, as mentioned earlier the dead do not exist. Therefore, death cannot be considered bad for the dead. Neve rtheless, the conclusion can be computed that death is bad neither for the living nor for the dead. Epicurus supports the no subject of harm argument of his by asserting that if death does not cause pain to somebody when he or she is dead, then it is mere foolishness to allow the fear of it to cause you pain now. The symmetry argument -Another Epicurean argument against the fear of death is symmetry argument, which is recorded by the Epicurean poet Lucretius. He claims that anybody who fears death should think of the time before he or she was born. The past immensity of pre-natal non-existence can be conceived as the subsequent infinity of post-mortem non-existence. However, nature has set up a mirror so that a person can think over his or her future non-existence. Nobody considers eternity of non-existence before his or her birth as a terrible thing. Therefore, should